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Suppression of the Society of Jesus
The suppression of the Jesuits in the Portuguese Empire, France, the Two Sicilies, Malta, Parma and the Spanish Empire by 1767 was a result of a series of political moves in each polity rather than a theological controversy. Monarchies attempting to centralize and secularize political power viewed the Jesuits as being too international, too strongly allied to the papacy, and too autonomous from the monarchs in whose territory they operated.〔Ida Altman et al., ''The Early History of Greater Mexico'', Pearson 2003, p. 310.〕 By the brief ''Dominus ac Redemptor'' (21 July 1773) Pope Clement XIV suppressed the Society of Jesus. The Jesuits took refuge in non-Catholic nations, particularly in Prussia and Russia, where the order was ignored or formally rejected. The scholarly Jesuit Society of Bollandists moved from Antwerp to Brussels, where they continued their work in the monastery of the Coudenberg; in 1788, the Bollandist Society was suppressed by the Austrian government of the Low Countries.
An early ban was from the territories of the Venetian Republic between 1606 and 1656/7, begun and ended as part of disputes between the Republic and the Papacy, beginning with the Venetian Interdict.〔(Review by Giuseppe Gerbino (Department of Music, Columbia University) ) of Edward Muir, ''The Culture Wars of the Late Renaissance: Skeptics, Libertines, and Opera'', Harvard University Press, 2007, ISBN 9780674024816, Published on H-Italy (June, 2008)〕
==Background==
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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